Ko te Tauira o te Whakamātautau: Me pēhea ngā tohu whakamārama i whakakaha i te haumaru i tēnei whare herehere mō te whānanga

Ko ngā whare herehere hou e whai ana i ngā rākau haumaru mō te wā o te riri, e hiahia ana kia mahi tino pūmau i te wā o te whakamāmoa i ngā hiko me ngā wā o te riri. Ko ngā tohu whakamārama mō te wā o te riri e whānui ana i te hiko anō, e whakapāngia ana i ngā whakamātautau haumaru i te wā o te riri i te wā o te whakamāmoa o ngā rākau o te whare. Ko tēnei whakamātautau whānui he whakamātautau i te āhua o te whakamārama i te wā o te riri i tēnei whare herehere 12-tāwhā, e whakaatu ana i ngā whai hua o te ao hou o ngā whakamātautau haumaru me ngā whakapai ake i tātai ai ngā whakamātautau nei i te haumaru o ngā kaiwhakamahi o te whare me ngā kaimātua o ngā whare. tohu Photoluminescent i whakamārama i ngā tikanga haumaru i tēnei whare herehere 12-tāwhā, e whakaatu ana i ngā whai hua o te ao hou o ngā whakamātautau haumaru me ngā whakapai ake i tātai ai ngā whakamātautau nei i te haumaru o ngā kaiwhakamahi o te whare me ngā kaimātua o ngā whare.

Te Whakamārama o te Whare me ngā Whakamātautau Haumaru

Te Whakamārama o te Whare Herehere

Ko te Metropolitan Business Center, he whare pakihi huinga, kei te rohe o te tāone o Seattle, e whakamahi ana i ngā kaiwhakamahi ā-rā e 2,400 i ngā wāhanga hoko, ngā whare huihui o ngā kamupani, me ngā whare hui. I hanga i te tau 1995, ko te rārangi tuatahi o ngā rākau whakamātautau awhina i te wā o te whakamātautau i whakamāhi i ngā tohu wāhi whakamātautau awhina i te pūhanga pākihi anake, me ngā rākau whakamātautau awhina i te wā o te whakamātautau i te pūhanga pākihi. I tātari ngā kaimātua o te whare i ngā whakamātautau mātua me ngā whakamātautau awhina i ngā whakamātautau mātua o ngā rākau whakamātautau awhina o te whare.

Ko ngā utu tiaki auau mō te whakakapi pūhiko me te whakatika i ngā wāhanga hiko i pau i ngā wāhanga nui o te tahua haumaru ā-tau. Hei taapiri, he maha nga hinganga hiko i whakaatu i te mahi rereke mai i nga punaha rama ohorere tawhito, me etahi waahanga kaore i pai te whakahohe i nga ahuatanga ohorere whakaata. Ko te whakatakotoranga matatini o te whare, he maha nga arawhata, nga whakawhiti o nga arawhata, me nga teitei o te tuanui, i hanga i etahi atu wero mo te pupuri i te tirohanga o te huarahi putanga puta noa i nga waahanga katoa.

Ngā Tono Whakaaetanga Ture

Ko ngā rārangi whakamātau ahi o Tāwhai Washington e tātai ana i ngā taupua whakamātautau mātua me ngā whakamātautau wāhi mō ngā pūnaha whakamātautau i ngā whare herehere. I tāwhai ngā pūnaha hurihuri kua oti te whakamahi i ngā pūkoro kia mau i ngā taupua whakamātautau i te wā o te whakamātautau 90 meneti. I whakamātautau ngā tuhinga whakamātautau i ngā wā maha i ngā rākau whakamātautau i pāpātia te mātua i muri i te 45 meneti o te whakamātautau, ā, he whāinga pea i ngā whakawānanga kāore i tātai, me ngā whakamātautau haumaru.

I mōhio ngā kaiwhakamārama o ngā whare ko te whakamātua i ngā pūnaha whakamātautau haumaru kia rite ki ngā rārangi he tāwhai nui i ngā rārangi hurihuri, he utu matua nui, me ngā whakamātautau nui ki ngā mahi o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ko ēnei āhua i whakamana i ngā kaiwhakamārama o ngā whare kia rapu i ngā whakamātautau haumaru kē e whakamātautau ana i ngā whakawānanga kāore i tātai, ā, e whakamāmā ana i ngā whakamātautau o te whakamātua, me ngā whakamātautau o te whakamātua i ngā wā e tātai ana.

Te Rautaki Whakamātua mō ngā Pūnaha Haumaru

Te Rāhui me te Whakamātautau

I whakamātauria ngā kaiwhakamātautau haumaru i ngā ara wāwata i tēnei wā i te Tāone Hāpua o te Rorohiko, ā, i tūhono ai i ngā wāhi 47 e tika ana kia whakamātua ngā rārangi whakamārama pūnaha haumaru. I kitea i te whakamātautau ko ngā tohu whakamārama i te ao mātātoko e taea ana te whakamāhua hei whakamāhua mō te whakamārama i ngā ara, ā, kāore he hāngā hiko, he rārangi rere, he rārangi whakamārama anō hoki. Ko te whakamātautau i te wāhi whakaputanga i ngā wāhi matua i ngā wā i taea ai te whakamāmā i ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā wā o te whakawātea.

I whakapumautia e ngā ine rama ngaio he nui ngā taumata marama taiao puta noa i te nuinga o ngā wāhi whare hei utu tika i ngā rauemi whakaahua i te wā o ngā mahi noa. Ko te tukanga aromatawai i whakaurua te whakamātautau i ngā whirihoranga tohu whakaahua-whakapā i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakamarama rerekē hei whakarite i te mahi tino pai i ngā wāhi tāutanga katoa. I whakaratohia e ngā hui whakahaere urupare ohorere me ngā tari ahi o te rohe ētahi atu whakaaro mō te aronga pai o te ara whakarurutanga me ngā whakaritenga tirohanga.

Te Kōwhiringa Hua me te Whakaritea

I tīpakohia e te rōpū whakatinanatanga ngā mahi tino pai tohu Photoluminescent hangaia ki ngā rauemi konupora strontium aluminate o te taumata teitei, e whakarato ana i te mārama pai ake me te roa o te marama i whakaritea ki ngā kōwhiringa konupora tuku iho. Ko ngā whakaritenga hangarau ko te roa o te tirohanga mō te 15 haora, te hanga parewai, me te ū ki ngā paerewa ASTM E2072 mō ngā rauemi haumaru photoluminescent.

I rereke ngā āhua o ngā tohu i runga i ngā wāhi whakamahinga, me ngā āhua nui ake i tātai hei whakamātautau mō ngā wāhi e teitei ana ngā pūpahi, ā, ngā āhua iti ake i whiriwhiria mō ngā wāhi kīkaha pērā i ngā takotoranga o ngā pātaka. I tātai ngā kupu ā-tātai i ngā tuhinga ārahi, ngā tau whakamārama i ngā tau o ngā pātaka, me ngā tohutohu haumaru i ngā reo maha hei whakamāmā i te rerekētanga o ngā kaiwhanui o te whare. I whakamātautau ngā whakamātautau pūkenga kia mātua tonu ngā tohu photoluminescent i whiriwhiria kia kitea ai i ngā āhua haumaru rerekē.

Te Hāhā o te Whakamahinga me ngā Whakaaro Tātai

Te Ara Whakamahinga i ngā Wāhanga

I tīmata te whakamahi i ngā tahurua e toru kia māmā ake ngā whāinga o te whare, ā, kia whai hāngai ai i ngā whāinga o te whakamātau i ia tahurua. I te tahurua tuatahi, i tātari i ngā ara whakamutu matua me ngā pātaka, i whakarite ai i ngā whāinga haumaru tūturu, ā, i whakamātau hoki i ngā whāinga tīmati. Ko ngā taputapu whakamātua āhua rerehua i whakamāhinga ai ngā whakamātua ki ngā rākau rerekē, pērā i te kōnuka, te papa kōpae, me ngā rākau mātātoko i te whare katoa.

I whakatakina ngā tohu whakamārama e ngā kaimahi pūkenga ki ngā āhua tirohanga me ngā teitei e tika ana i runga i ngā aratohu whakamārama me ngā tikanga whakamātau i te wā o te pāpātanga. I tātari ngā whakatakenga i ngā wāhi e tāwhai ana i ngā pātaka, ngā wāhi whakawhitinga o ngā ara, me ngā kōhunga whakamutu, i hanga ai i ngā ara tirohanga māmā e kitea ana tonu ahakoa ngā pūnaha whakamārama matua kāore i mahi. I tātari ngā whakatakenga katoa i ngā tuhinga māmā, pērā i ngā whakamātua, ngā whāinga o te whakamārama, me ngā tikanga whakamātau.

Te whakauru ki ngā rārangi haumaru o mua

Ko ngā tohu hou he tohu ā-tāwhai i te whakamārama, i tātari i ngā rākau whakamārama pūtake o mua i te wāhi o ngā whare, kāore i whakakapi, ā, nā reira i hanga ai ngā pūnaha haumaru e rua, e whakapakari ana i ngā hāngā whakawātea o ngā whare katoa. I tātari ngā mahi whakamārama i te rākau whakamārama ā-hāpaitanga kia māmā te whakamārama i ngā ara i te wā o ngā āhua pāpāhurea ā-tāwhai, tae atu ki ngā āhua o te kōhākī me ngā whakamāmā o te hiko i te wāhi. I whananga ngā kaiwhakamāmani o ngā whare i ngā tikanga whakauta pāpāhurea hou e whakauru ana i te whakamārama ake i ngā tohu haumaru ā-tāwhai.

I whakamāhinga ngā rōpū whakamātautau i ngā kaimahi o te wāhi mō ngā tikanga tika o te tiaki i ngā tohu whakamārama, tae atu hoki ki ngā tikanga whakamārere i ngā wā e tātai ana, me ngā rārangi āta whakamātautau hei whakamātautau i te whai i ngā mahi. I whakamārama ngā tuhinga whakauru i ngā kaiwhakamātautau i te rāhui i ngā wāhi me ngā mahi o ngā pūnaha whakamārama i ngā ara whakamātautau i te katoa o te rōpū whare. I whakamārama ngā hui whakamārama manawa o ngā kaiwhakamātautau i ngā kaiwhakamātautau o ngā kaiwhakamātautau i ngā āhua haumaru ake, me ngā tikanga tika o te rāhui.

Ngā Putanga o te Mahi me ngā Whakamārama i te Haumaru

Te Whakamārama o te Whakautu i te Rāhui

I whakaatuhia e ngā whakangungu ohorere i muri i te tāutanga he whakapai ake nui i te tōtika o te whakawātea me te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihautū i ngā āhuatanga whakaata o te wehenga hiko. I kitea e ngā ine wā whakawātea he whakaiti toharite o te 23% i te roa o te putanga i whakaritea ki ngā raina taketake i mua i te tāutanga, me ngā whakapainga tino nui i roto i te whakaterenga i te rārangi arawhata me te tautuhi putanga. I whakaratohia e ngā tohu whakaahua te tirohanga ōrite puta noa i ngā āhuatanga ohorere roa, e pupuri ana i te aratohu arataki mārama ahakoa i muri i te 12 haora o te mahi tonu.

I whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau urupare a ngā kaihautū he nui ake te whakawhirinaki ki te tūtohu mō ngā aitua, me te pai ake o te māramatanga o ngā huarahi whakarurutanga puta noa i te whare. I pūrongo ngā kaitohutohu urupare ohorere i te kaha o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i te wā o ngā whakangungu, me te iti iho o ngā take o te raruraru o ngā kaihautū, o te hē rānei. Ko te mahi pono o ngā tohu whakaahua i te wā o ngā wehenga hiko tūturu i whakamana i tō rātou whai hua hei wāhanga hanganga haumaru faufaa.

Ngā painga o te tiaki me te whakahaere

I tātari ngā whakamārama o te whakamahi i ngā wāhi, i tūhono ngā whakamārama kia rereke te iti o ngā hāinga o te whakamāhi i ngā tohu mātātoko awhina i muri i te whakamahi i ngā tohu whakamātautau. I iti ake ngā utu mō te whakauru i ngā pākete pūngao e 60% i ia tau, ā, i iti ake hoki ngā utu mō ngā whakapaihanga hāngā o ngā pūnaha mātātoko awhina i runga i te iti ake o te tāwhai o te pūnaha me ngā pānga o te mahi. I whakaatu ngā kaimahi whakamāhi i te whanake o te pai o ngā whakamātautau i ngā pūnaha haumaru, ā, ko ngā tohu whakamātautau anake te hāinga o te whakamātautau ā-kanohi, kāore he whakamātautau hāngā pūmau.

I whakamātauria te whakamātautau i te whakamahinga o te hiko, ā, i kitea ngā pakaru iti i ngā hāngā o te hiko mō ngā rākau whakamātautau, ā, nā reira i whakawhanangia ngā whāinga o te whai pūmau o te whare me ngā tauwhitinga o ngā utu mahi. I tango ngā uara o ngā tohu whakamātautau e whakamātautau ana i a ia anō i te hiko i te whakamahinga o te hiko i te wā o ngā rākau whakamātautau, ā, i whakamāhi hoki i ngā pūkenga o te whakamātautau i ngā rākau whakamātautau. I whakamātauria ngā pūkenga o te wā roa, ā, i whakakaha ngā whakamātautau kia mātua ngā tohu whakamātautau i te whakamāhi i ngā tau maha, kāore he hāngā e hiahiatia kia whakamānui, kāore hoki he whakamānui i ngā rākau.

Tātari Tauine me te Hokinga Moni

Ngā utu whakamāhi me ngā whāinga moni

Ko ngā utu o te tōpito o te tāpoi i ngā tohu whakamārama i te wāhi katoa i te rereke i te $28,000, tātai i ngā kōpae, ngā ratonga whakamahi a ngā mātua, me ngā rārangi whakaako i ngā kaimahi. Ko tēnei whakamātau i whakarewa i ngā pūtea nui i ngā whakamāngungu ā-hiko o ngā rārangi whakamārama i te wāhi, ā, i hiahiatia ai te whakamāhinga o ngā rārangi hiko me ngā whakamāhinga o ngā rārangi hiko. I whakamāmā i te whakamahi i ngā tohu whakamārama i te wāhi i te wā o te tāpoi mai i te ono wiki e whakamāramatia ana mo ngā whakamāngungu ā-hiko ki te tekau ngā rā anake mo ngā tohu whakamārama i te wāhi.

Ko ngā utu mō ngā tohu whakamārama koukou i te koukou o te koukou, i te wāhi o te tāwhai, i te $45 i te tāwhai mō ngā tohu whakamārama o te wāhi o te tāwhai, me te $75 i te tāwhai mō ngā tohu whakamārama nui ake hei tohu āhua. Ko ngā ratonga whakamahi a ngā pūkenga i tāpiri mai i te 30% i ngā utu mō ngā kōpae, i te whakarite i ngā rārangi whakamānui me ngā ratonga pūtaiao hei whakamāmā i te whakauru i te pūnaha. Ko ngā whakamārama i te whakamārama i ngā utu i tāpiri ai ngā whakamārama kia rerekē, me ngā taputapu whakamātua kia rerekē hoki mō ngā āhua āhua o te whare.

Ngā Painga Ohaoha Roa

Ko ngā whakamārama i te rārangi o te rima tau e whakaatu ana i ngā whakamārama nui mai i ngā utu iti ake i te whakamāhi, me ngā utu kore i te whakamāhi i ngā pūhiko mō ngā pūnaha whakamārama i te wā o te riri. Ko ngā whakamārama i te whakamāhi i te tau i te $8,200 i te tau, e whakamānui ana i te whakamānui i te utu tuatahi i roto i te 3.5 tau i muri i te whakamāhi. Ko ngā whakamārama anō i te whakamāhi i te hiko, me ngā whakamārama i ngā whakamārama i te whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha whakamārama i te wā o te riri.

He whakaitinga i ngā utu whakauru ki te whakamātau, e whakaatu ana i ngā pūkenga o te whakamātau i te haumātua o ngā whare, he whai hua moni mō ngā wā katoa i waho i ngā whakaitinga i ngā utu mahi tuarua. Ko ngā kaiwhakamātau o ngā whare e whakaaro ana ka whai hua tonu ngā utu i te nuinga o ngā tohu whakamātau i te āhua o te whakamātau, ā, he iti ngā mahi whakamātau e hiahiatia ana, ā, he tino pūmau ngā hua o te whakamātau i te 10–15 tau i raro i ngā āhua noa o te mahi. Ko te whakamāmā i te whāinga i te hiko hei whakamātau mō ngā tohu whakamātau i ngā ara whakamātau i ngā wā o te riri, he whakamāmā i te whāinga i ngā hapa o ngā pūnaha me ngā pānga o ngā whakamārama.

Ngā wāhanga kua ako mai

Ngā tohutohu mō te whakamahinga

Ko te whakamāhi i ngā tohu photoluminescent i te angitu he hāngai tonu ki ngā āhua o ngā āhua o ngā whakamārama i te wāhi, me ngā whakamārama i te whakamārama i te wāhi kia pai ai te whakamāhinga me ngā whakaahua. Me whakamāhi ngā ine i mua i te whakamātātuhi i ngā āhua o ngā whakamārama hei whakamātautau i ngā āhua o ngā whakamārama i ngā wāhi katoa e whakaritea ana i te wāhi o te whakamāhinga o te whare. Ko te whakamārama i ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā mahi hiko he hāngai ki te whakamārama i ngā huarahi hei whakamāhinga i ngā pūnaha whakamārama kē kia tātari ai i ngā hāngai o ngā tohu photoluminescent.

Ko ngā kaiwhakamārama i ngā whare e tika ana kia whananga i ngā tikanga whakamātau katoa e whai ana i ngā rā hāpaitanga o te whakamātau, i ngā whakamātau ā-haputanga hoki i te whai i te whakamātau o te mahi hei whakamātau i te whai o ngā tohu whakamātautau i te wāhi. Ko ngā rārangi whakamātau i ngā kaimahi e tika ana kia whakamārama i te mātua o te whakamātau i ngā ara tirohanga kia māmā ki ngā tohu haumaru whakamātautau, me te whakakore i ngā here e whai ana i te whakamātau o te whakaatu i ngā wā pāpātanga. Ko ngā pūnaha tuhinga e tika ana kia whakamārama i ngā wāhi o ngā tohu, i ngā rā whakamātau, me ngā hītori o te mahi hei tautoko i te whakamātau a roa.

Ngā Tukanga Whakapai Ai i te Mahi

Ko ngā whakamātautau i te whananga o ngā wā e tata ana he āhua pūmanawa hei whakamārama i ngā wāhi e taea ai ngā tohu whakamārama i te ao (photoluminescent) e whakamahinga mai ai, i te whakamātua anō rānei hei whakautu i ngā rerekētanga o ngā whakamātau o te whare me ngā tauira o te noho. Ko te kohinga i ngā whakaaro o ngā kaiwhakamahi he huarahi mātauranga hei whakamārama i te pai o ngā ara whakamārama (wayfinding) me ngā whakamāngungu e taea ai ki ngā rāhui whakawātea i te riri (emergency egress systems). Ko te whakamārama i ngā kaiwhakamāni i ngā rāhui whakawātea i te rohe hei whakamārama kia ū tonu ngā āhua haumaru o ngā tohu whakamārama i te ao (photoluminescent) ki ngā tikanga whakawātea i tēnei wā me ngā tikanga uru mai.

Me whakaaro ngā kaiwhakamahi o ngā whare i ngā tohu whakamārama i te ao (photoluminescent) hei wāhanga āwhina i ngā rāhui whakamātautau i te riri (emergency preparedness strategies), kāore he whakamātautau haumaru takitahi. Me whakaaro i ngā rāhui rerekē o te riri i te whakamārama i te whakauru, pērā i ngā rāhui kore hiko, ngā āhua o te kapō, me ngā whakawātea ā-heke o te whare. Ko te whakamātautau tonu i ngā rāhui a te kāwanatanga me ngā whakamāngungu o ngā tikanga haumaru hei whakamārama kia mau tonu te whakamātautau me ngā whakamāngungu o ngā rāhui whakawātea i te ao (photoluminescent).

FAQ

E hia ngā wā e kitea ana ngā tohu whakamārama i te wā o ngā whakamātua kore hiko

Ko ngā tohu whakamārama pūmau pūmau o te whakamārama, e whakamahi ana i ngā rākau phosphor strontium aluminate, e tū ake ana i te whakamārama kia kitea ai i ngā wā o te 12–15 haora i muri i te whakamātua i te whakamārama i ngā āhua māmā o te ao, i ngā āhua māmā o te ao. Ko ngā taupua tuatahi o te whakamārama he nui ake i ngā whakaritenga o te ture, ā, he iti haere i te wā, engari e kitea tonu ana i ngā āhua pāpāhī o te whakamātua. Ko te whakamātua pai he whakamātua ki ngā āhua māmā o te whare i te wā o te 30 meneti hei whakamātua kia rere ai te whakamārama.

He aha ngā whakaritenga mō te whakamāhi i ngā tohu whakamārama pāpāhī

Ko ngā tohu photoluminescent e hiahiatia ana he whakamātau iti, ā, ko te wāhi matua o tēnei he te whakamātau i ngā wā katoa ki te whakamāhi i ngā whakamāhi pūrākau māmā, me ngā whakamātau ā-tiro hei whakamātautau i te whakaahua tonu me te tika o te hanganga. I rereke mai i ngā rāhui whakamātau pūhiko e whakamāhinga ana i ngā rāhui whakamātau pūhiko, ko te hanganga photoluminescent e whakakore nei i ngā whakamātau pūhiko e mau tonu ana, i ngā whakamātau o ngā wāhanga, me ngā whakamātau o ngā pūhiko. Me whakamātau ngā tohu i ia tau hei whakamātautau i te āhua o ngā tohu, i te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau, me te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o ngā rāhui whakamātau i te wāhi e noho ana kia whakamātautau ai i te whakamātautau pai tonu.

He taea pea ngā tohu photoluminescent te whakamātau i ngā whakaritenga o ngā whare mō ngā rāhui whakamātau egress?

Ko ngā tohu photoluminescent i tātai i tēnei i tika, me ngā whakamātautau i tika, e whai ana i ngā whakaritenga o te International Building Code me ngā rārangi o te NFPA 101 Life Safety Code mō ngā pūnaha tohu whakamātautau. Ko ngā takiwā maha e whakaatu ana i te hanga photoluminescent hei whakamātautau e whakaaetia ana hei whakamātautau mō ngā pūnaha whakamātautau ā-hāpua me ngā tohu wāhi whakamātautau, i rite ki ngā pūnaha whakamātautau ā-hāpua e whakamāhinga ana i te hiko. Me whakamātautau ngā kaitiaki o ngā whare i ngā whakamāramatanga o ngā ture ā-takiwā, me tātai i ngā whakaaetanga e tika ana i mua i te whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha whakamātautau ā-hāpua photoluminescent.

Me pēhea ngā whakamātautau photoluminescent i ngā āhuatanga taiao rerekē?

Ko ngā tohu kākāriki o te whakamātautau hāngai i te kounga he tohu e whakamātautau ana i te hau, ā, he tika mo ngā whakamātautau i waho i te whare, i roto hoki i te whare, ā, e whakamātau ana i ngā whakamātautau i ngā wāhi āhua mātua mai i te -20°F ki te 150°F. Kāore ngā rākau phosphorescent i te rereke i te hūmara, i te wāhi āhua mātua o te wai, me ngā āhuatanga taiao o te whare. Heoi anō, ko te whakamātautau i te rā i te wāhi tūturu ka pakaru i te hāngai o te whakamātautau, nō reira, ko ngā tohu kākāriki o te whakamātautau hāngai i te kounga he pai ake i ngā whakamātautau i roto i te whare, i ngā wāhi i waho i te whare engari i ngā wāhi kākāriki, me ngā pūrere āhua mātua o te whakamātautau.